ebawuvkawu

Modern physical picture of the world and the role of physics. The unity of the world is not limited to the unity of the structure of matter. It is manifested in the laws of motion of particles, and in the laws of their interaction. Despite the amazing variety of interactions of bodies with each other, according to modern data, there are only four types of forces in nature. These are gravitational forces, electromagnetic, nuclear, and weak interactions. The latter appear mainly when elementary particles transform into each other. We meet with the manifestation of all four types of forces in the boundless expanses of the Universe, in all bodies on Earth (including living organisms), in atoms and atomic nuclei, in all transformations of elementary particles. A revolutionary change in classical ideas about the physical picture of the world occurred after the discovery of quantum properties of matter. With the advent of quantum physics, which describes the movement of microparticles, ne...

All atoms have the same structure and are constructed from three types of elementary particles. They have nuclei of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons. Nuclei and electrons interact with each other through an electromagnetic field whose quanta are photons. The interaction between protons and neutrons in the nucleus is mainly carried out by π mesons, which are quanta of the nuclear field. The decay of the neutron a neutrino appear. In addition, many other elementary particles have been discovered. But only when particles of very high energies interact, they begin to play a significant role. In the first half of the XX century, a fundamental fact was discovered: all elementary particles can turn into each other. In the 70s, it was found that all strongly interacting particles consist of subelement particles-quarks of six types. True elementary particles are leptons and quarks. After the discovery of elementary particles and their transformations, unity in the structure of ...

The electromagnetic picture of the world reached its climax after the creation of the special theory of relativity. The fundamental value of the finiteness of the velocity of propagation of electromagnetic interactions was understood, a new doctrine of space and time was created, and relativistic equations of motion were found to replace Newton's equations at high speeds. If during the heyday of the mechanical picture of the world, attempts were made to reduce electromagnetic phenomena to mechanical processes in a special medium (the world ether), now they sought, on the contrary, to derive the laws of particle motion from the electromagnetic theory. Particles of matter were tried to be considered as" clots " of the electromagnetic field. However, it was not possible to reduce all processes in nature to electromagnetic ones. The equations of particle motion and the law of gravitational interaction cannot be derived from the theory of the electromagnetic field. In additi...

However, the simple mechanical picture of the world proved to be untenable. When studying electromagnetic processes, it turned out that they do not obey Newton's mechanics. J. Maxwell discovered a new type of fundamental laws that are not limited to Newton's mechanics— the laws of the behavior of the electromagnetic field. Electromagnetic picture of the world and physics. In Newton's mechanics, it was assumed that bodies directly through the void act on each other and these interactions are instantaneous (long-range theory). After the creation of electrodynamics, the concept of forces has changed significantly. Each of the interacting bodies creates an electromagnetic field that propagates through space at a finite speed. Interaction is carried out by means of this field (the theory of proximity). Electromagnetic forces are extremely widespread in nature. They act in the atomic nucleus, atom, molecule, and between separate molecules in macroscopic bodies. This is because...