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Japan is the most economically developed country in Asia. The presence of significant economic potential, high rates of economic growth, and a favorable geopolitical position in the North-Western part of the Pacific ocean give reason to consider this country one of the most important centers of the world economy. Japan has a powerful industry with the latest technologies, significant monetary and financial resources, and a strong position in the system of international economic relations. In the second half of the XX century. it went through a period of unprecedented economic growth in its history and entered the stage of post-industrial development. The country is located on small Islands off the coast of East Asia. This is a sea country, for which the Pacific ocean is the most universal and convenient road to all parts of the world. Japan is a constitutional monarchy. The modern state system is defined by the Constitution of 1947, the main provisions of which open up wide o...

The first strategic concept of SOI was to recognize that the main potential enemy was the Soviet Union. This meant that the composition, structure, tactical and technical characteristics of MISSILE defense systems, and their geographical location should ensure the solution of this task. The second strategic concept defined the need to fight attacking missiles and warheads of the enemy throughout their flight, starting immediately from the moment of launch. This is the fundamental difference between SOI and the projects of previous missile DEFENSE systems: "Nike-Zeus", "sentinel", "seifgard", etc., according to which the fight against enemy warheads was planned only at a relatively small final stage of the flight. The new approach created the possibility of wider use of various types of anti-missile weapons, and provided an increase in the effectiveness of the missile DEFENSE system. To solve the problem of interception during the entire flight of enem...

Methodological work. Abstract with a methodological bias involves the theoretical study of science and the description of a phenomenon, as well as a procedural and conceptual approach to abstracting. The purpose of this paper is to describe the research methods used in the study area. For example, in a psychology essay, if methodological work is required, the abstraction is conducted from the point of view of phenomenology or existential approach. Experimental and practical referencing. It is carried out as a generalization and description of the specific experimental research work of the writer or scientists in the field under consideration, describes the practical significance of the research results and their novelty for science. Very often, compilation (in the negative sense of the word) is called a non-independent abstract that is close to plagiarism, and sometimes is such. But in the usual sense, the term compilation refers to a method of working with text, which con...

Referencing is the compression of the source text (s) to the required size. On average, an academic essay contains from 15 to 25 pages of text, where it is necessary to fit the content of 5-10 sources on the topic. The material in the abstract is presented in an impersonal form from the point of view of the author of the abstract itself, i.e. the writer presents the content of the sources as he understands it. It is mandatory that the abstract should contain quotes from the refereed texts confirming or refuting a particular provision. Semantic compression is the main method of referencing. It is assumed that the author of the abstract will highlight all the semantic reference points in the source texts and summarize them in the work. When writing an abstract, you should follow the following rules: 1) to Be objective. This means that it is necessary to select sources for abstracting and present the material in accordance with the theoretical and practical significance of the sou...

1) preamble. It includes a statement of the problem and a description of the main features of the annotated text. 2) the Descriptive part. Lists the main provisions of the source being reviewed, and transmits the content of the thesis. 3) the Conclusion. One or more conclusions as to whether the subject of the source has been disclosed. Own opinion on the problem. Specific requirements are imposed on this type of abstract, namely: conciseness, logical structure, compliance with the scientific style of presentation (use of impersonal constructions, accuracy of translation (if the abstract is made in a foreign language), use of unified (generally accepted) abbreviations and abbreviations, unity of designations and terminological apparatus. In addition to being informative, annotations can serve as a recommendation and evaluation function. The evaluation annotation always has a critical or analytical component, which is expressed in determining the theoretical and practical signi...

There is a General and specific definition of an annotation as a type of abstract. In a broad sense, an abstract is a summary of the source, in a narrow sense-a brief description of the content. The evaluation component is certainly present in any annotation and serves its purpose. When annotating a source, it is necessary to determine which audience the author addresses (a wide range of readers, narrow specialists, people who are just beginning to study the subject or have an advanced level of knowledge, etc.). The annotation method is widely used when writing dissertation abstracts and methodological sections of theses that provide an overview of the literature used. Abstract-abstract, which in this case is part of the structure of a higher-level work (dissertation, diploma), gives a description of the sources on which the work is based. In fact, the abstract becomes a secondary document in relation to the primary student documents, which are diploma and final qualification pa...